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椭圆周长数值积分与近似公式计算精度比较

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发表于 2023-3-20 19:53 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 Ysu2008 于 2023-3-20 19:59 编辑

项名达级数公式\(C_0=2\pi a\left[ 1-\left( \frac{1}{2}\right)^2e^2-\left( \frac{1\cdot3}{2\cdot4}\right)^2\frac{e^4}{3}-\left( \frac{1\cdot3\cdot5}{2\cdot4\cdot6}\right)^2\frac{e^6}{5}-\left( \frac{1\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7}{2\cdot4\cdot6\cdot8}\right)^2\frac{e^8}{7}-......\right]\)
取项名达级数公式前100万项截断,作为“精确值”,计为\(C_0\);

龙贝格数值积分此式 \(C_1=4\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}dt\)

周长近似公式为 \(\begin{align}
C_2 &\approx \pi \left( {a + b} \right)\left[ {1 + \frac{{3{\lambda ^2}}}{{10 + \sqrt {4 - 3{\lambda ^2}} }} + \frac{3}{{{2^{17}}}}(1 + \frac{{5767168 - 1835041\pi }}{{33\pi }}{\lambda ^{4.88 + 11.04{\lambda ^{4.74}}}}){\lambda ^{10}}} \right]
\end{align}\)

取椭圆长半轴固定为\(a=1\),短半轴从\(0.01\to1\),步进\(0.01\),总计100个椭圆周长,比较\(\left| C_0-C_1\right|\)与\(\left| C_0-C_2\right|\)精度大小。

[数据]:

编号长半轴短半轴离心率e项名达周长数值积分周长近似公式周长数值积分误差近似公式误差
110.010.99994.001098334.001098334.0011449161.17E-124.66E-05
210.020.99984.003839164.003839164.0038663616.13E-132.72E-05
310.030.99954.007909454.007909454.0079213971.22E-131.19E-05
410.040.99924.0131433134.0131433134.0131471322.02E-133.82E-06
510.050.99874.0194256194.0194256194.0194258511.30E-132.31E-07
610.060.99824.0266682334.0266682334.0266672564.99E-139.78E-07
710.070.99754.0347999334.0347999334.034798845.05E-131.09E-06
810.080.99684.0437611274.0437611274.0437603351.10E-137.92E-07
910.090.99594.0535007344.0535007344.0535003362.55E-133.98E-07
1010.10.99504.063974184.063974184.0639741294.62E-145.13E-08
1110.110.99394.0751420244.0751420244.0751422291.01E-132.04E-07
1210.120.99284.0869689894.0869689894.0869693564.44E-153.67E-07
1310.130.99154.099423244.099423244.0994236912.22E-144.52E-07
1410.140.99024.1124758334.1124758334.1124763111.49E-134.78E-07
1510.150.98874.1261002944.1261002944.1261007592.14E-134.65E-07
1610.160.98714.1402722764.1402722764.1402727032.33E-134.27E-07
1710.170.98544.1549692854.1549692854.1549696621.03E-133.77E-07
1810.180.98374.1701704594.1701704594.1701707812.54E-133.22E-07
1910.190.98184.1858563784.1858563784.1858566451.21E-132.67E-07
2010.20.97984.2020089084.2020089084.2020091242.61E-132.16E-07
2110.210.97774.218611074.218611074.2186112414.99E-131.71E-07
2210.220.97554.2356469244.2356469244.2356470572.31E-141.33E-07
2310.230.97324.2531014754.2531014754.2531015757.82E-141.01E-07
2410.240.97084.2709605814.2709605814.2709606561.31E-137.45E-08
2510.250.96824.2892108884.2892108884.2892109415.42E-145.37E-08
2610.260.96564.3078397544.3078397544.3078397915.33E-143.76E-08
2710.270.96294.32683524.32683524.3268352253.53E-132.52E-08
2810.280.96004.3461858544.3461858544.346185876.84E-141.60E-08
2910.290.95704.3658809064.3658809064.3658809162.18E-139.36E-09
3010.30.95394.385910074.385910074.3859100743.92E-134.64E-09
3110.310.95074.4062635394.4062635394.4062635417.82E-141.42E-09
3210.320.94744.4269319634.4269319634.4269319622.72E-136.71E-10
3310.330.94404.4479064074.4479064074.4479064056.22E-141.94E-09
3410.340.94044.4691783344.4691783344.4691783323.38E-132.63E-09
3510.350.93674.4907395734.4907395734.490739573.55E-142.91E-09
3610.360.93304.5125822984.5125822984.5125822954.00E-142.93E-09
3710.370.92904.5346990084.5346990084.5346990053.97E-132.77E-09
3810.380.92504.5570825094.5570825094.5570825068.88E-162.52E-09
3910.390.92084.5797258914.5797258914.5797258892.49E-142.23E-09
4010.40.91654.6026225194.6026225194.6026225172.06E-131.93E-09
4110.410.91214.6257660124.6257660124.6257660113.55E-131.63E-09
4210.420.90754.6491502324.6491502324.6491502313.55E-131.36E-09
4310.430.90284.6727692714.6727692714.672769277.99E-151.12E-09
4410.440.89804.6966174374.6966174374.6966174362.02E-139.08E-10
4510.450.89304.7206892444.7206892444.7206892439.24E-147.29E-10
4610.460.88794.7449794044.7449794044.7449794047.99E-155.79E-10
4710.470.88274.7694828144.7694828144.7694828137.02E-144.56E-10
4810.480.87734.7941945464.7941945464.7941945461.59E-133.55E-10
4910.490.87174.8191098444.8191098444.8191098442.40E-132.75E-10
5010.50.86604.844224114.844224114.844224112.66E-142.11E-10
5110.510.86024.8695329014.8695329014.86953294.49E-131.60E-10
5210.520.85424.8950319174.8950319174.8950319173.85E-131.21E-10
5310.530.84804.9207170024.9207170024.9207170019.15E-149.04E-11
5410.540.84174.9465841284.9465841284.9465841282.53E-136.71E-11
5510.550.83524.97262944.97262944.97262943.41E-134.94E-11
5610.560.82854.9988490424.9988490424.9988490421.69E-143.61E-11
5710.570.82165.0252393935.0252393935.0252393932.50E-132.62E-11
5810.580.81465.0517969095.0517969095.0517969092.40E-131.88E-11
5910.590.80745.0785181475.0785181475.0785181471.24E-131.34E-11
6010.60.80005.1053997735.1053997735.1053997732.66E-139.51E-12
6110.610.79245.1324385465.1324385465.1324385463.72E-136.67E-12
6210.620.78465.1596313255.1596313255.1596313253.02E-144.63E-12
6310.630.77665.1869750565.1869750565.1869750562.86E-133.19E-12
6410.640.76845.2144667755.2144667755.2144667753.23E-132.18E-12
6510.650.75995.24210365.24210365.24210362.65E-131.47E-12
6610.660.75135.2698827315.2698827315.2698827312.19E-139.80E-13
6710.670.74245.2978014465.2978014465.2978014464.17E-146.48E-13
6810.680.73325.3258570985.3258570985.3258570982.66E-134.24E-13
6910.690.72385.3540471125.3540471125.3540471121.81E-132.74E-13
7010.70.71415.3823689815.3823689815.3823689813.11E-141.74E-13
7110.710.70425.4108202695.4108202695.4108202698.88E-151.10E-13
7210.720.69405.43939865.43939865.43939865.32E-136.93E-14
7310.730.68345.4681016645.4681016645.4681016642.66E-134.09E-14
7410.740.67265.4969272085.4969272085.4969272082.49E-142.58E-14
7510.750.66145.525873045.525873045.525873043.36E-131.51E-14
7610.760.64995.5549370235.5549370235.5549370232.03E-137.99E-15
7710.770.63805.5841170735.5841170735.5841170731.06E-135.33E-15
7810.780.62585.6134111615.6134111615.6134111612.74E-131.78E-15
7910.790.61315.6428173065.6428173065.6428173069.59E-141.78E-15
8010.80.60005.6723335785.6723335785.6723335783.73E-148.88E-16
8110.810.58645.7019580925.7019580925.7019580924.99E-138.88E-16
8210.820.57245.7316890125.7316890125.7316890121.27E-138.88E-16
8310.830.55785.7615245435.7615245435.7615245431.04E-130.00E+00
8410.840.54265.7914629355.7914629355.7914629353.02E-148.88E-16
8510.850.52685.821502485.821502485.821502482.93E-130.00E+00
8610.860.51035.8516415095.8516415095.8516415098.97E-148.88E-16
8710.870.49315.8818783925.8818783925.8818783924.10E-138.88E-16
8810.880.47505.9122115385.9122115385.9122115382.63E-138.88E-16
8910.890.45605.9426393915.9426393915.9426393911.35E-130.00E+00
9010.90.43595.9731604335.9731604335.9731604332.34E-130.00E+00
9110.910.41466.0037731776.0037731776.0037731772.70E-138.88E-16
9210.920.39196.0344761736.0344761736.0344761734.72E-138.88E-16
9310.930.36766.0652680016.0652680016.0652680011.60E-138.88E-16
9410.940.34126.0961472756.0961472756.0961472755.34E-130.00E+00
9510.950.31226.1271126376.1271126376.1271126373.71E-131.78E-15
9610.960.28006.1581627596.1581627596.1581627592.18E-130.00E+00
9710.970.24316.1892963446.1892963446.1892963441.71E-130.00E+00
9810.980.19906.2205121216.2205121216.2205121214.41E-138.88E-16
9910.990.14116.2518088486.2518088486.2518088481.03E-128.88E-16
100110.00006.2831853076.2831853076.2831853078.88E-160.00E+00


[结论]

椭圆离心率越大(越接近1),近似公式误差越大。大约在\(e\approx0.75\)时,近似公式与龙贝格积分持平,越接近0精度越高。

数值积分的优势在于各种离心率下表现都比较稳定,而且可以计算指定区域的椭圆弧长。

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发表于 2023-3-20 20:16 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 uk702 于 2023-3-28 12:56 编辑

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发表于 2023-3-20 21:22 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 uk702 于 2023-3-28 12:56 编辑

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好  发表于 2023-3-20 21:58
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发表于 2023-3-20 23:10 | 显示全部楼层
主贴的结果非常漂亮, 谢谢 Ysu2008 !

从这些数值计算结果可以轻易弄出一个优于简单而已有结果的近似公式来。关于这点,各位有什么怀疑吗?

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愿闻其详。  发表于 2023-3-21 14:36
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发表于 2023-3-21 00:37 | 显示全部楼层
永远 发表于 2023-3-20 08:21
各位帮我看看e老师这个拉马努金公式补尝拟合函数族是怎么构造出来的,谁会???

这个函数族(u,v 视为参量)是我提出来的。但我没有说过这是拉氏拟合的补偿拟合。
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 楼主| 发表于 2023-3-21 09:33 | 显示全部楼层
uk702 发表于 2023-3-20 21:22
若楼主有时间,望楼主帮忙检查核对一下,下面的“简单”公式,最大误差不超过 5.54*10^-6 。

\(a=1{,}b=0.0034\)
项名达公式100万截断周长\(C_0\ =4.000151905348548\)
你的公式算得周长 \(C_2=4.0001574446194175\)
误差\(\left| C_0-C_2\right|=5.539270869547863E-6\)

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多谢。  发表于 2023-3-21 09:39
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发表于 2023-3-21 09:57 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 uk702 于 2023-3-28 12:56 编辑

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发表于 2023-3-21 15:00 | 显示全部楼层
zhichi支持!
非常漂亮!
赞美
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发表于 2023-3-23 09:48 | 显示全部楼层
我们所考虑过的补偿拟合的误差,差不多在 \(10^{-5}\) 的数量级. 这是有原因的。
椭圆周长的多项式拟合的极致就是超几何级数。使用了无穷多个自由度(级数系数)
这就解释了寥寥几个参变量是不足以突破 \(10^{-5}\) 这个坎的。要突破,考虑以
下简单方案:
给定\(k\),取最小\(m\)使\(\;r_m\small=\displaystyle\sum_{n = m+1}^\infty\binom{1/2}{n}^2\le 10^{-k},\)令\(\small G(x)=\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^m\binom{1/2}{n}^2x^{2n}\)
考虑 \(\small\dfrac{{\scriptsize\displaystyle\sum_{n = m+1}^\infty\binom{1/2}{n}^2}x^{2n}}{\binom{1/2}{m+1}^2 x^{2m+2}}\) 的形如 \(\small 1+\big(\dfrac{4}{\pi}-r_m\big)\varphi(x)\) 的拟合,其中\(\small0\le\varphi\le 1.\)

注意以下椭圆周长的高精度极速算法。数值积分望尘莫及
F(x)=my(t=x^2/4,s=1+t,k=1);if(x==1,return(4/Pi));while((t=t*x^2*((2*k-1)/(2*(k+1)))^2)&&(t> 10^(-100))&&(s=s+t),k=k+1);return(s);

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厉害厉害,嘿嘿。  发表于 2023-3-23 15:39
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发表于 2023-3-23 17:12 | 显示全部楼层
\(\small C=\pi(a+b)\big(1+\dfrac{3\lambda^2}{10+\sqrt{4-3\lambda^2}}+\dfrac{3}{2^{17}}\lambda^{10}\big(1+\dfrac{\mu\lambda}{(1+(1-\lambda^u)^v)^w}\big)\big)\)
\(\lambda={\large\frac{a-b}{a+b}},\;\epsilon=\small\dfrac{2\sqrt{\lambda}}{1+\lambda},\;\lambda=\dfrac{2-\epsilon^2+2\sqrt{1-\epsilon^2}}{\epsilon^2}\)
\(\mu=21.381505539,\;u=2.02777,\;v=0.823239,\;w=4.84343\)
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